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作者	单位
杜新慧，王祎，王宜伦, 汪强,李慧，苗玉红，谭金芳，韩燕来	（河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

为给砂质潮土小麦生产中合理施钾提供理论依据，在河南省新郑砂质潮土上设置0 kg·hm^-2（K₀）、60 kg·hm^-2 (K₁)、120 kg·hm^-2 (K₂)、180 kg·hm^-2(K₃)和300 kg·hm^-2 (K₄)5个施钾（K₂O）水平，以小麦品种矮抗58和豫农035为材料，研究了钾肥对不同小麦品种籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、氮钾养分累积、钾肥利用率等指标的影响。结果表明，随着施钾量的增加，冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势，其中矮抗58和豫农035籽粒产量分别在K₂、K₃时达到最高；钾肥农学效率随着施钾量的增加而降低，在施钾量低于K₃时，矮抗58的钾肥农学效率显著高于豫农035；施钾可促进两个品种对氮和钾的吸收，其中矮抗58、豫农035氮素积累量分别于K₂、K₃下达到最大，钾素积累量均在K₃下最大，同一施钾处理下矮抗58的吸氮量、吸钾量明显高于豫农035；两个品种的钾肥利用率均以K₁处理最高，在施钾量低于K₃时，矮抗58的钾肥利用率显著高于豫农035。在本试验条件下，矮抗58对钾肥反应优于豫农035，适宜在砂质潮土条件下推广应用，推荐施钾量为120 kg·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

Sandy soil is one of the main low yielding soils in Henan province. In order to provide a reasonable application rate of K fertilizer for wheat production, two winter wheat cultivars of Yunong 035 and Aikang 58 were used and five potassium rates (K₂O) of, 0 (K₀), 60 (K₁), 120 (K₂), 180 (K₃) and 300 kg·hm^-2 (K₄) were set to investigate the effects of potassium on yield, protein content, nitrogen and potassium accumulation, and K fertilizer use efficiency in wheat. The results showed that, with the increase of K fertilizer rate, the grain yield and protein content increased at first and then decreased. Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got their highest grain yield at K₂ and K₃ treatments, respectively. The K agronomy efficiency was decreased along with the increasing of potassium application. When the potassium rates lower than K₃, the K agronomy efficiency of Aikang 58 was significantly higher. Compared with K₀, the nitrogen and potassium accumulation amounts in the two varieties were significantly increased in treatments with K fertilizer application. Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got their largest nitrogen accumulation amounts in K₂ and K₃ treatment, respectively. However, the two varieties both got the highest potassium accumulation amount in K₃ treatment. The nitrogen and potassium accumulation amounts in Aikang 58 were significantly higher than that in Yunong 035 in the same treatment. Both Aikang 58 and Yunong 035 got the highest K fertilizer use efficiency at K₁ treatment. Moreover, Aikang 58 had significantly higher K fertilizer use efficiency than Yunong 035 when the potassium application was from 0 to 180 kg·hm^-2. In conclusion, the response of Aikang 58 to K fertilizer is better than Yunong 035, it is more suitable for promotion and application in sandy soil, the optimal K fertilizer rate is 120 kg·hm^-2.

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