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作者	单位
王培娟, 梁宏, 谢东辉, 张佳华	（1.中国气象科学研究院, 北京100081 2.中国气象局气象探测中心, 北京 100081 3.北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院，北京100875 4.中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所，北京100094）

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中文摘要:

为了解全球变暖的背景下冬小麦返青前热量条件的变化，以华北52个气象台站1961-2010年逐日平均气温数据和39个农业气象台站1992-2009年冬小麦关键发育期数据为基础，分析了华北冬小麦返青前关键发育期与对应的界限温度的关系、返青前热量资源受气候变化的影响及其时空变化特征。结果表明，华北平原北、中、南三个不同分区冬小麦播种期分别与16℃终日、15℃终日和14℃终日相关性较好；停止生长期和返青期分别与0℃终日和2℃初日显著相关。冬小麦停止生长期和返青期，随着时间的推移分别呈现出逐渐推迟和提前的趋势，而越冬期长度和越冬期负积温则逐渐缩短和减少。冬小麦播种期和停止生长期在华北北部地区较早，在华北南部地区较晚；而返青期则是华北北部较晚，华北南部较早；越冬期长度和越冬期负积温亦呈现出随纬度降低而缩短和减少的趋势。

英文摘要:

Winter wheat is one of the main grain crops in China. North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important areas for winter wheat. It is necessary to select suitable sowing date for winter wheat to study the influence of climate warming on heat conditions before green-up stages in NCP. In this paper, daily time-series meteorological variables during the period of 1961-2010 at 52 stations and phenology of winter wheat during the period of 1992-2009 at 39 agro-meteorological stations were jointly used to study the relationship between key phenology and critical temperature. Meanwhile, characteristics of spatial and temporal distributions of heat conditions before green-up stages, including the end date of air temperature ≥0℃ stably (ED0), the first date of air temperature ≥2℃ stably (FD2), the days of winter dormancy, and negative accumulated temperature (Tnacc) during winter dormancy, were analyzed in NCP. The results show that there were close relationships between sowing date of winter wheat in different regions and different critical temperature, which were the end date of air temperature ≥16℃ stably (ED16) in the northern NCP, the end date of air temperature ≥15℃ stably (ED15) in the middle NCP, and the end date of air temperature ≥14℃ stably (ED14) in the southern NCP. Meanwhile, the statistics are significant between winter dormancy date and the end date of air temperature ≥0℃ stably, between green-up date and the first date of air temperature ≥2℃ stably. Temporally, it becomes later for winter dormancy date during the past 50 years; on the contrary, it is earlier for green-up date with climate warming. For the days and negative accumulated temperature during winter dormancy, they decrease slowly for the past 5 decades. Spatially, regions with higher latitude have earlier sowing dates and winter dormancy dates. In reverse, there are later green-up dates in those higher latitude regions in NCP. In terms of the days and negative accumulated temperature during winter dormancy, they reduce when the latitude decreases.

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