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为了解黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种的遗传多样性，选用33对SSR引物对2011/2012年度国家黄淮冬麦区(南片)区试42个小麦品种(系)的遗传差异情况进行了分析。结果显示，(1)33对引物共检测到128个等位变异，每对引物检测到等位变异数2～6个，平均3.88个；每个SSR位点多态性信息指数(PIC)为0.09～0.77，平均为0.53。(2)小麦新品种3个基因组的平均遗传丰富度不同，由高到低排序为A>B>D，平均遗传多样性指数为B>A>D。(3)品种间遗传相似系数(GS)为0.15～0.88，平均为0.52。聚类分析结果表明，42个品种被聚为2大类，4个亚类，其中大部分品种聚集于前两个亚类。本研究表明，黄淮麦区小麦区试品种(系)中少数品种具有较大遗传差异，可为亲本利用提供参考，但参试品种总体遗传多样性水平较低。

英文摘要:

In order to know the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars bred in recent years in Huang-huai area, 33 SSR markers were used to detect the genetic diversity among 42 wheat cultivars (lines) from Huang-huai region test during the period of 2011-2012. The results showed that 128 allelic variations were detected with the primers used, the number of alleles per primer pair ranged from 2 to 6 with average of 3.88, the polymorphic information content (PIC) of each SSR locus ranged from 0.09 to 0.77 with average of 0.53, the average number of alleles of three genomes was A>B>D and the PIC value was B>A>D, the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.15 to 0.88 with average of 0.52. Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into two groups and four sub-groups. The results revealed that the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars in Huang-huai area was relatively low, but some cultivars (lines) with wide variations could be used as parent materials. The issue of genetic monotony needs to be paid attention by breeders and management.

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