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作者	单位
冯伟，侯翠翠，刘东洋，谢迎新，王晨阳，郭天财	(1.河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 河南郑州 450002 2.郑州市金水区农村工作委员会, 河南郑州 450002)

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中文摘要:

为给小麦高产优质生产中沼液利用提供依据，在大田条件下，研究了沼液与氮肥配施对小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响。结果表明，在全生育期总施氮量240 kg·hm^-2条件下，在基施化肥氮基础上追施沼液，尤其基施75%化肥氮和追施25%沼液氮配合处理（3/4U+1/4B）显著提高了淀粉糊化特性参数（峰值黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和反弹值）、粉质参数（形成时间、稳定时间、粉质指数）和拉伸参数（拉伸面积、拉伸阻力和拉伸比）。籽粒蛋白组分（总蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白）含量以基施50%化肥氮和追施50%沼液氮配合处理（1/2U+1/2B）最高，3/4U+1/4B处理次之。籽粒蛋白组分、粉质与拉伸参数均以单施沼液处理（1/2B+1/2B）最低，单施化肥氮的处理（1/2U+1/2U）次之，而淀粉糊化特性参数以1/2U+1/2U处理最差，施用沼液的处理较1/2U+1/2U处理提高2.0%~6.5%。与1/2U+1/2U处理相比，基施沼液与追施化肥氮配合处理产量提高，而基施化肥氮与追施沼液氮处理的产量降低。可见在基施沼液的基础上追施化肥氮可提高小麦产量，其中1/2B+1/2U处理能够高产和优质兼顾，单施沼液效果低下。

英文摘要:

Biogas slurry from agricultural waste treatment contains considerable amounts of plant nutrients, and their use may offer a promising opportunity both to improve crop production and prevent adverse environmental impacts of waste disposal. To investigate the effects of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on grain yield and quality of winter wheat, six treatments of total nitrogen 240 kg·hm^-2 with mixed chemical and biogas slurry fertilizers, i.e., chemical N only with basal N 50% and topdressing N 50% (1/2U+1/2U, urea as N source), 25% biogas slurry N as basal fertilizer and 75% chemical N as topdressing fertilizer (1/4B+3/4U), half biogas slurry as basal N and half chemical as topdressing (1/2B+1/2U), half chemical N as basal fertilizer and half biogas slurry N as topdressing (1/2U+1/2B), 75% chemical N as basal fertilizer and 25% biogas slurry N as topdressing (3/4U+1/4B), biogas slurry N only with basal N 50% and topdressing N 50% (1/2B+1/2B), were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates in 2008-2009. In each plot (3 m×7 m), basal fertilizers (including P₂O₅ 180 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 150 kg·hm^-2) was applied before sowing, and topdressing fertilizers was applied at jointing stage. The results showed that pasting parameters of starch including peak viscosity, final viscosity, break down and setback, flour farinograms, such as development time, stability time and FQN, and extensogram parameters, such as extension area, resistance to extension and extension ratio were improved in the treatments 1/4B+3/4U and 1/2B+1/2U, compared to those in other treatments. The contents of grain protein and protein components, such as globulin, gliadin, glutenin were higher in the treatments of chemical N as basal fertilizer and biogas slurry N as topdressing fertilizer treatments, and which were the lowest in the treatment 1/2B+1/2B and with 1/2U+1/2U as the second. Pasting parameters of starch were the lowest in 1/2U+1/2U, and which could be improved by 2.0%~6.5% in treatments of biogas slurry application than in 1/2U+1/2U. Grain yield was raised in the treatment of chemical N as basal fertilizers and biogas slurry N as topdressing fertilizers, and decreased in the treatment of biogas slurry N as basal fertilizers and chemical N as topdressing fertilizers, relatively less decline of grain yield was observed in 1/2U+1/2B than in conventional urea treatment. It can be concluded that application of urea as basal N combined with biogas slurry as topdressing N improved quality and decreased grain yield, with obviously improving of quality and a few loss of yield for fertilization mode of 1/2U+1/2B in good quality wheat production. Application of biogas slurry as basal N combined with urea as topdressing N obviously increased yield with co enhancing yield and quality for fertilization mode of 1/2B+1/2U in high yield wheat production. The single biogas slurry treatment was not good for information of yield and quality with avoiding fertilization mode of single biogas slurry applied.

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