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作者	单位
代明，李飞，杨燕萍，陈嫚，李洁，申园园，车永和，李秀全，杨欣明	（1.河北科技师范学院生命科技学院, 河北秦皇岛 066600； 2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081）

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中文摘要:

为了对新疆杂草黑麦的种质鉴定、起源分析、良种培育和遗传多样性研究提供依据，采用常规压片法制片结合显微摄影技术，分析了3个新疆杂草黑麦居群和1个栽培黑麦品种的核型并比较他们的异同点。结果表明，四种黑麦材料的染色体均为二倍体，染色体数目为14，不同材料之间染色体形态具有丰富的多态性。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R4的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm，除第7对为近中着丝粒染色体外，其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体，核型不对称系数为61.70%，核型类型为1A型，属于基本对称型。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R14的核型公式为2n=2x=14=8m+6sm(2sat)，除第5、6、7对为近中着丝粒染色体外，其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体，其第7对染色体具有随体，核型不对称系数为60.88%，核型类型为2A型，属于基本对称型。新疆杂草黑麦居群89R60的核型公式为2n=2x=14=14m(2sat)，其全部染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体，第3对染色体具有随体，核型不对称系数为60.47%，核型类型为1A型，属于基本对称型。栽培黑麦材料H36的染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm，除第5、6对为近中着丝粒染色体外，其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体，核型不对称系数为61.20%，核型类型为1A型，属于基本对称型。

英文摘要:

The aim of the present study was to provide necessary cytology basis for the evolution, identification, genetic diversity and fine seeds selection of Secale cereale subsp.segetale.The common (slice making) method combined with micrograph was used to obtain the chromosome number and karyotype of Secale cereale subsp.segetale.Chromosome numbers and karyotype analysis of three populations of Secale cereale subsp.segetale (89R4,89R14,89R60) and one variety Secale cereale L.(H36) were analyzed in this study.Their karyorype formulae were as follows:the karyotype formula of population 89R4 was 2n=2x=14=12m+2sm, where the 7th pair chromosomes was submetacentric, and the rest were metacentric.Its asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was 61.70%.The karyotype formula of population 89R14 was 2n=2x=14=8m+6sm(2sat), where the 5th, 6th and 7th pairs chromosomes were submetacentric, and the others were metacentric.The satellites were found at the 7th pair chromosomes in this population.Its asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was 60.89%.The karyotype formula of population 89R60 was 2n=2x=14=14m(2sat).All chromosomes of 89R60 showed metacentric, and the satellites were detected at the 3th pair of the chromosomes.Its asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was 60.47%.The karyotype formula of Secale cereale L.H36 was 2n=2x=14=10m+4sm, where the 5th and 6th pairs chromosomes showed submetacentric, and the others were metacentric, Its asymmetrical karyotype coefficient was 61.20%.

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