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为了解气候变暖对陕西冬小麦生育期的影响，分析了陕西省1949-2008年气温和1986-2008年冬小麦生育期的变化。结果表明，陕西冬小麦主产区播种期温度升高，1998年之后的10年在10-12月阶段年平均有效积温相比其前10年增加108～821℃，稳定通过0℃终日年平均推后0.1～0.6 d。20世纪90年代相比80年代，陕北南部冬小麦越冬起始日期平均推后4 d左右,关中平均推后8 d左右，其中关中西部推后最明显。小麦返青期提前，1998年之后的10年平均越冬天数相比其前10年缩短3～14 d;进入春季，冬小麦生育期也普遍提前，提前幅度随生育进程趋于减小。因此，为适应气候变化,冬小麦种植可向北、向高原地区扩展，播种期可适当推后，优选适宜冬小麦品种，调整品种布局和栽培模式，旱作区推广旱作小麦品种和节水技术，保障小麦丰产稳产。

英文摘要:

The influences of climate warming on the growth development period of winter wheat in Shanxi Province were analyzed in the present paper using the temperature data during 1949-2008 and the wheat growth period data during 1986-2008. The results indicated that the temperature during the sowing period of winter wheat increased, the average effective accumulated temperature in the period of October December in the years of 1998-2008 increased by 108~821℃ than that in the years of 1988-1997, the date of stably through 0℃ delayed for 0.1~0.6 d; Compare with the 1980's, the starting date of over winter of winter wheat postponed in average by about 4 days in the southern areas of North Shaanxi, about 8 d in Guanzhong areas, especially in the western areas of Guanzhong. The date of winter wheat turning green was ahead of time, the over winter days of winter wheat in the period of 1998-2008 was reduce by 3~14 d than that in the period of 1988-1997; the winter wheat growth development period in spring was generally ahead of time, but reduced along with the winter wheat growth. To meet the climate change, the planting areas of winter wheat in Shaanxi might extended to the north and plateau area, the sowing date might be postponed properly, together with the suitable winter wheat variety, the adjusted winter wheat production areas as well as the adoption of the cultivation measures, and the water saving technology in dryland areas, the wheat production could be further improved.

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