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作者	单位
曾兴权，王玉林，徐齐君，原红军，扎西罗布，尼玛扎西	（1.西藏自治区青稞种质改良和牦牛繁育重点实验室，西藏拉萨 850002； 2.西藏自治区农牧科学院，西藏拉萨 850002）

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中文摘要:

为了评价西藏青稞种质资源的遗传多样性，用260对SSR引物对来自青藏高原主要农区的75份青稞育成品种、17份野生大麦、39份青稞地方品种和44份国外大麦材料的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明，从260对SSR引物中筛选出23对多态性高的引物，占筛选引物的8.1%。23对SSR引物在西藏野生大麦中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带92条，多态性条带为81条，其比例为88.04%；在西藏青稞地方品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带89条，多态性条带为78条，其比例为87.6%；在青稞育成品种中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带109条，多态性条带98条，其比例为89.9%；在引进材料中共扩增出稳定、清晰的条带64条，多态性条带53条，其比例为82.8%。遗传多样性分析结果为青稞育成品种（0.9882）>西藏野生大麦(0.8033)>西藏青稞地方品种（0.5820）>国外大麦材料（0.4218）。聚类与主坐标分析表明，实验材料可以清楚的分为4类，西藏野生大麦分在两个类群，西藏青稞地方品种分在两个类群，引进大麦材料分在一个类群，青稞育成品种分在四个类群。同一来源地区的青稞育成品种遗传基础较为狭窄，不同地区间的青稞育成品种遗传差异较大。以上结果说明，在西藏青稞新品种选育和遗传改良中，在发掘和利用西藏野生大麦资源、西藏青稞地方品种资源的同时，更应该加强不同地区青稞育成品种资源的交换和配合使用。

英文摘要:

In order to assess the rich hulless barley germplasm in Tibetan, the genetic diversity among 75 hulless barley varieties from main agriculture region in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, 17 wild barley accessions, 39 local varieties and 44 foreign barley accessions were analyzed by 260 SSR primers. The results showed that there were 23 primers with high polymorphism out of the 260 SSR primers, which accounted for 8.1%. There were 92 stable and clear fragments which could be amplified in wild barley of Tibet, among these, 81 fragments with polymorphism accounted for 88.04%. There were 89 stable and clear fragments could be amplified in local highland barley varieties of Tibet, among these, 78 fragments with polymorphism accounted for 87.6%. There were 109 stable and clear fragments could be amplified in highland barley varieties, among these, 98 fragments with polymorphism accounted for 89.9%. Meanwhile, 64 stable and clear fragments wth polymorphism were amplified in imported materials. Those analyses indicated that the genetic diversity among these materials was as highland hulless barley varieties (0.9882) > Tibetan wild barley (0.8033) > Tibet highland barley local varieties (0.5820) > foreign barley materials (0.4218). Clustering and main coordinate analysis showed that those accessions were divided into four major groups. Furthermore, Tibetan wild barley accessions distributed in two groups and Tibet highland barley local varieties were in the other groups. Interestingly, foreign barley accessions distributed in the same group, and hulless barley varieties distributed in all four groups. Highland barley cultivars from the same region had a low genetic diversity and high similarities in genetic background. However, genetic diversity of hulless barley varieties from different region was abundant. It was suggested that we should strengthen exchanges of hulless barley varieties among different region in Tibet hulless barley varieties breeding and genetic improvement, while discovering and using Tibetan wild barley accessions and Tibet highland barley local varieties.

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