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作者	单位
孙家柱，赵军涛，刘冬成，阳文龙，罗光彬，张立异，张相岐，张爱民	（ 1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室，北京 100101； 2.河北省赵县农业科学研究所，河北赵县 051530 ）

摘要点击次数: 1928

全文下载次数: 1294

中文摘要:

降低小麦中多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，减缓面粉制品的褐化，是重要的育种目标之一。为了更好地服务于低PPO育种，本研究对检测PPO活性的原苯酚染色法进行了优化，更好地发挥了其鉴别力强、结果稳定、对种子活力伤害小等优点，便于育种者使用。苯酚染色和分子标记结果对比发现，染色结果可以很好地反映亲本（或高代）材料中PPO的基因型，特别在低PPO材料中吻合更好。对大量亲本和世代材料的籽粒染色发现，PPO不仅存在于种皮中，其活性还是由种皮基因型决定的，后代PPO性状表现出母性遗传和加性效应的特点，控制高PPO特性的两个主效基因之间具有明显的代偿作用。PPO性状遗传相对简单，纯合较快，F₂以后籽粒的染色程度以单株为单位发生分离。尽管染色是针对种皮基因型的，但PPO基因的这些遗传特点和小麦的自交特性，使染色结果同样可以预测后代单株的分离前途。这一优化的籽粒染色法在低PPO育种中的有效性是可以肯定的。

英文摘要:

To select low PPO varieties and to retard the discoloration of wheat products is now an important objective for wheat breeding programs. For the purpose of serving for the low PPO breeding work, a series of modification had been done on the original method of phenol coloration test for PPO activity evaluation, and which enhanced its advantages for wheat breeders as more capable to identify varieties, least harm to seed viability, visual and reliable result. Comparative study indicated that color intensity results of wheat germplasm were fit well with their PPO genotypes on PCR analyses, especially for the low PPO materials, and that the two main genes for high PPO could compensate each other to a great extent. Color intensity test on parents and their progenies indicated that the PPO although accumulated in the coat of wheat seeds but its activity was decided by the genotype of seed coat tissues with the reasonable phenomena of maternal inheritance in progenies and additive effects between alleles of PPO genes in seed coat. PPO genes inherited simply and got homologous quickly，color intensity may segregate among F₂ plants, but no segregation between individual seeds within a plant. Though color intensity result was decided by the genotype of seed coat，but the inheritance characteristic of PPO genes and the inbreed behavior of wheat plant made the color intensity result a good indicator for the composition and segregation of PPO genes in seed embryo of segregating generations. The improved method for seed PPO evaluation was no doubt an effectual way for low PPO breeding programs.

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