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作者	单位
李建超，张改生，孙瑞，牛娜，马守才，李红霞	(西北农林科技大学农学院陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100)

摘要点击次数: 2011

全文下载次数: 1268

中文摘要:

为更好地揭示粘类小麦细胞质雄性不育系（CMS）的恢复性能、杂种优势和细胞质效应，以推动三系杂交小麦的生产应用，以4类19种异质粘类小麦CMS为母本，与系列恢复系亲本进行不完全双列杂交，获得248个互为同核异质、同质异核、异质异核的杂种F₁，对粘类小麦CMS的恢复规律等进行了研究。结果表明：（1）影响粘类CMS恢复性能的主要因素是恢复系、不育系核型、不育系胞质类型，三因素对恢复度的影响表现为：恢复系>不育系核型>不育系胞质类型；（2）粘类CMS与系列恢复系的杂种F₁穗长、分蘖均值分别为其亲本的1.129倍和1.273倍，具有很强的杂种优势,株高为亲本的0.997倍，具有一定的负向优势；（3）对粘类小麦CMS产生单倍体的影响表现为：不育系核型>不育系胞质类型>恢复系，单倍体产生程度与不育系核型和不育系胞质类型相关，单倍体产生频率只和不育系核型直接相关，单倍体产生频率与单倍体产生的严重程度没有直接关系，利用特定不育系核型可有效避免产生单倍体。

英文摘要:

In orde to reveal the fertility restoration performance, heterosis and cytoplasm effect of Nian type male sterile wheat lines, and to promote the application of three line hybrid wheat in production, nineteen male sterile wheat lines of four kinds of Nian type alloplasms were used as female parents, 248 hybrid F₁ were obtained through crossing with series of restorer lines (r line), which were either isonuclear alloplasmic or isocytoplasmic heteronuclear.The restoration, heterosis performance, as well as the cytoplasm effect of Nian type wheat male sterile lines were investigated. The result indicated that, (1) the primary factors influencing the restoring degree of Nian type male sterile wheat line were restorer line, karyotype of male sterile line and the cytoplasm type of male sterile line,in order. Among the restorer lines used, Abo, 5166, xiaoyan22, xiaoyan6 and 518, the qinlong126 were the good r lines for Nian type male sterile wheat lines. The karyotype of 90-110 had a higher restoring degree than the others. (2)Nian type male sterile wheat line was good breeding material with widespread and obvious heterosis in F₁ with series r line. Strong heterosis were observed in ear length, average tillering number of F₁, which were 1.129 times and 1.273 times higher than the restorer line, respectively.(3) The haploid of Nian type sterile wheat line by cytoplasm effect was the result of comprehensive interactions among the karyotype of male sterile line, the cytoplasm types of male sterile line and the r line.Among which, the effect in order was karyotype of male sterile line > cytoplasm types of male sterile line > r line. The degree of haploid were related with the karyotype of male sterile line and the cytoplasm types of male sterile line, but the frequency of haploid only directly related with the karyotype of male sterile line. There was no correlation between the serious degree of haploid and the the frequency of haploid. The Ven cytoplasm type of male sterile line had the lowest haploid frequency, but combined with the specific karyotype of male sterile line and the r line, the haploid degree actually were the most serious, utilization of specific karyotype of male sterile line could avoid the haploid frequency of male sterile line and hybrid F₁ effectively. Heterosis of Nian type cytoplasm male sterile wheat line was visible, and remarkably enhanced the length and amount of the spike of the F₁, and leaded to the increase of wheat productivity greatly.

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