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为了优化小麦主要推广品种的成熟胚组织培养体系，并筛选优良的转基因受体基因型，以12种小麦品种的成熟胚为材料，对其成熟胚为外植体的愈伤组织进行了诱导分化和再生的研究，探讨了不同2,4 D浓度下3种诱导培养基（MS2、L₃2、N₆4）、以L₃为基本培养基的3种分化培养基以及以MS为基本培养基的3种生根培养基对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响。结果表明，各培养基对成熟胚愈伤的诱导率和分化率的影响差别不大，而主要影响愈伤质量和生根效果。3种诱导培养基的平均诱导率均超过85%，N₆4的最高(90.13%)，L₃2培养基的愈伤质量最好，诱导效果最佳。不同激素配比均可诱导小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化再生，但不同基因型间有较大差异，添加0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA和1 mg·L^-1 KT的分化培养基L₂的平均分化率最高（55.68%）；添加0.2 mg·L^-1 IAA和0.5 mg·L^-1 MET的生根培养基MX1的平均生根率最高（37.02%）。不同基因型的出愈率、胚芽率、分化率、生根率差异显著，筛选出鲁麦14、良星99、济麦21、山农20、良星66等5个小麦品种可作为优良的转基因成熟胚受体材料，并初步建立起适于它们的组织培养体系。

英文摘要:

In order to establish an efficient tissue culture and regeneration system for genetic transformation of wheat varieties, mature embryos of 12 wheat cultivars were used as explants to study the induction and differentiation of callus, and the effect of three induction medium and one differentiation media (including three ratios of hormone) on mature embryo in vitro culture. The results showed that the L₃2 medium were better than MS2 and N₆4 for callus induction, and all of the average induction rate were more than 85%, of which the N₆4 medium was the highest. All three hormone ratios could induce the differentiation of callus from wheat mature embryo, but there was great difference of differentiation frequency among different treatments. L₃ as the basic differentiating medium containing 0.5 mg·L^-1 IAA and 1 mg·L^-1 KT, had the highest differentiation rate of 55.68%, and the medium of root formation containing 0.2 mg·L^-1 IAA and 0.5 mg·L^-1 MET, had the highest rooting rate of 37.02%.Wheat genotypes is an important factor to the formation and differentiation of mature embryo callus. The induction rate of callus, plumule rate, differentiation rate and rooting rate of different genotype were remarkably different. Lumai 14, liangxin 99, jimai 21, shannong20, liangxin66 were screened as the suitable material for genetic transformation among the 12 varieties, and their culture systems had been set up.

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