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作者	单位
孟维伟,张微,张永丽,于振文	(1.山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 山东泰安 271018；2.山东省无棣县农业局，山东无棣 251900； 3.山东省定陶县农业局，山东定陶 274100)

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中文摘要:

为了解灌水对不同小麦品种耗水特性和土壤硝态氮运移的影响，在大田条件下，以济麦20和泰山22为材料，设置4种水分处理［W0处理（全生育期不灌水）、 W1处理（灌底墒水+拔节水）、 W2处理（灌底墒水+拔节水+开花水）、 W3（灌底墒水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水）］，每次灌水量60 mm，分析了不同灌水处理下小麦0~200 cm土层土壤含水量、土壤水消耗量、土壤硝态氮运移及籽粒产量的差异。结果表明，（1）依据土壤含水量受灌水影响的程度和变异系数，将0~200 cm土壤分为3个层次：活跃层（0~60 cm）、次活跃层（60~140 cm）和相对稳定层（140~200 cm）。（2）两品种W1处理的冬前、开花和成熟期0~60 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量低于W0处理；冬前期60~140 cm土层高于W0处理，140~200 cm土层与W0处理无显著差异；开花期60~140 cm和140~200 cm土层高于W0处理；成熟期0~60 cm土层高于W2、W3处理，60~140 cm和140~200 cm土层低于W3处理。拔节期济麦20 W1处理60~140 cm和140~200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量高于W0处理，泰山22的低于W0处理。（3）济麦20各处理0~200 cm土层土壤水消耗量均高于泰山22。济麦20 W1处理0~60 cm和60~140 cm土层土壤水消耗量高于W2处理，籽粒产量、水分利用效率高于W2、W3处理；泰山22 W2处理0~60 cm土层的土壤水消耗量与W1处理无显著差异，60~140 cm和140~200 cm土层的土壤水消耗量低于W1处理，水分利用效率与W1处理无显著差异，但高于W3处理，籽粒产量高于W1、W3处理。济麦20和泰山22分别以底墒水、拔节水各灌60 mm和底墒水、拔节水、开花水各灌60 mm为节水、高产、氮素淋溶量低的最佳灌水模式。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the effects of irrigation treatments on water consumption characteristics and soil NO₃^- N transport in wheat, this study was conducted under field conditions with two wheat cultivars Jimai 20 and Taishan 22, and four irrigation treatments of no irrigation(W0), irrigated before sowing and at jointing stage(W1), irrigated before sowing and at jointing and anthesis stages(W2), and irrigated before sowing and at jointing, anthesis and grain filling stages(W3). Each irrigation received 60 mm water. The results showed that according to the content of soil water affected by irrigation treatments and the coefficient of variation, the 0~200 cm soil was divided into three layers of the active layer(0~60 cm), the less active layer(60~140 cm), and the relatively stable layer(140~200 cm). Compared with the W0 treatment, the content of soil NO₃^- N in the W1 treatment was lower in 0~60 cm soil layers at pre winter, anthesis and maturity stages, but was higher in 60~140 cm soil layers at pre winter stages and was higher in 60~140 cm and 140~200 cm soil layers at anthesis stage for both cultivars. At maturity stage, the content of soil NO₃^- N in the W1 treatment was higher in 0~60 cm soil layers than that in the W2 and W3 treatments, and was lower in 60~140 cm and 140~200cm soil layers than that in the W3 treatment for both cultivars. At jointing stage, the content of soil NO₃^- N in the W1 treatment was higher in 60~140 cm and 140~200 cm soil layers than that in the W0 treatments for Jimai 20, but was lower for Taishan 22. The soil water consumption amount(SWCA) of Taishan 22 was higher than that of Jimai 20 in the W0, W1, W2 and W3 treatments. The SWCA of Jimai 20 in W1 treatment were higher than the W2 treatment in 0~60 cm and 60~140 cm soil layers, and grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of Jimai 20 was also higher than that in W2 and W3 treatments. The SWCA of Taishan 22 in W2 treatment was lower than that in W1 treatment in 60~140 cm and 140~200 cm soil layers, but its grain yield was higher than that in W1 and W3 treatments. There was no significant difference between W2 treatment and W1 treatment in the SWCA in 0~60 cm soil layers and WUE. The optimal irrigation treatment for Jimai 20 and Taishan 22 was W1 and W2, respectively, as to water use efficiency and soil NO₃^- N leaching, under the conditions of this study.

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