欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
刘丽平，欧阳竹，武兰芳，孙振中	（1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101； 2.中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049）

摘要点击次数: 1389

全文下载次数: 921

中文摘要:

为明确灌溉模式对不同密度小麦群体的调控效应，在大田条件下设置了不灌水（W0）、灌1水（W1j，拔节期灌水；W1b，孕穗期灌水）、灌2水（W2，拔节期和孕穗期灌水）、灌3水（W3，拔节期、孕穗期和灌浆期灌水）5种灌溉模式和基本苗180万·hm^-2（D1）、300万·hm^-2（D2）、450万·hm^-2（D3）3种密度的二因素试验，研究了灌溉模式对不同密度小麦群体质量指标和产量的影响。结果表明，在灌溉拔节水的基础上增加灌溉显著提高了群体总茎数、叶面积指数和成穗率，三个指标基本上均表现为W3＞W2＞W1j＞W1b＞W0。花后干物质积累量高低表现为W2＞W1j＞W1b＞W3＞W0。产量则随着灌溉次数的增多呈低高低的变化趋势，表现为W2＞W3＞W1b＞W1j＞W0。密度从D1增加到D3，总茎数、叶面积指数和干物质积累量显著增加，籽粒产量则呈低高低的变化趋势。因此在春季降雨较少的条件下，灌溉模式W2即灌拔节水和孕穗水，就可以满足小麦正常生长发育、群体合理构建和高产的需要，其适宜密度为300万·hm^-2基本苗。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the regulation effect of irrigation schedules and planting densities on population quality and grain yield of winter wheat, a field experiment was conducted. The experiment included 5 irrigation schedules of no irrigation (W0), irrigation once at jointing (W1j) or at booting (W1b) stage, irrigation twice at jointing and booting stages (W2), and irrigation three times at jointing, booting and grain filling stages (W3), and 3 planting densities of basic seedlings of 180×10⁴(D1), 300×10⁴(D2) and 450×10⁴(D3) per hectare. The results indicated that irrigation schedules and planting densities affected population quality index and grain yield significantly. Increasing irrigation times increased spike bearing rate, leaf area index and population total culms, Culm (spike) number and spike bearing rate of W3 was the highest, followed by W2, W1j, W0 and W1b. The leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with the increase of irrigation times, and decreased successively by W3, W2, W1j, W1b and W0. Too many irrigation times gave rise to oversize leaf area and overshadow, therefore decreased dry matter accumulation account at post anthesis and grain yield. The amount of dry matter accumulation at post anthesis of W2 was the highest, followed by W1j W1b, W3, and W0. And grain yield of W2 was the highest, followed by W3, W1b, W1j and W0. Culm (spike) number, leaf area index (LAI) and amount of dry matter accumulation increased significantly with the densities ranging from basic seedlings of 180×10⁴to 300×10⁴per hectare. At the same time, grain yield increased with the densities ranging from D1 to D2, and then decreased with the densities ranging from D2 to D3. Based on above findings, it was suggested that under the conditions of less rainfall at spring stage, irrigation twice at jointing and booting with basic seedlings of 300×10⁴per hectare could meet the need of wheat developing, population construction and high yield well.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭