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为了探寻冬小麦品种西农2000的最佳追氮方式，在相同总施氮量（250 kg·hm^-2）下分析了不同施氮处理间西农2000籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的差异。结果表明，与氮肥全部基施相比，氮肥基追配施（基施纯氮60%，剩余40%纯氮用于追施）能够显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量。其中基施纯氮150 kg·hm^-2，并配合拔节期追施纯氮62.5 kg·hm^-2和孕穗期追施纯氮37.5 kg·hm^-2（基追比为6∶2.5∶1.5）对提高西农2000籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的综合效果最好，其籽粒产量和蛋白质含量比氮肥全部基施处理分别提高8.9%和0.79个百分点。氮肥基追配施下小麦籽粒产量提高的主要原因是穗数与千粒重提高；籽粒蛋白质含量的提高主要与花后30 d前旗叶平均游离氨基酸含量的提高有关，而花后30 d前旗叶平均游离氨基酸含量的增加可能主要由花后旗叶NR、GS活性的提高所致。

英文摘要:

In order to optimize nitrogen fertilization for wheat variety Xinong 2000, the field experiments was conducted to study the effects of topdressing nitrogen on grain yield and grain protein content of Xinong 2000. The results showed that, compared with the treatment of all nitrogen as basal fertilizer, postponing partial nitrogen fertilizer application improved grain yield and protein content significantly. Of which, the optimal effect was gained in T3 treatment (ratio of basal fertilizer and topdressing at jointing and booting stages was 6∶2.5∶1.5), which could simultaneously improve grain yield and protein content, with 8.9% for yield and 0.79 percentage points for protein content. The grain yield improvement was achieved by the coordinated increment of 1000 grain weight and spikes; the increase of protein content was probably related to high level of average free amino acid content in flag leaves during 30 days after anthesis, which were the consequences of high activities of NR and GS in flag leaves.

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