| Wheat blast, caused by fungus Magnaporthe grisea, was first identified in Brazil in 1985, and it is an emerging disease in South America. This disease has become a serious threat to wheat production in the tropic and subtropic regions, including Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. It can cause yield loss by 5 to 100%. Climate condition is the key factors to the development of this disease, and hot and humid climate leads the spreading of wheat blast. Isolates of Magnaporthe grisea from different plant species displayed various infection abilities, and the host parasite specificity between wheat cultivars and Magnaporthe grisea isolates is observed. Five major genes for resistance to wheat blast has been reported, i.e., Rmg1, Rmg2, Rmg3, Rmg4 and Rmg5. Since there was no effective method on wheat blast control, more efforts should be focused on wheat blast to prevent the fungus dispersion and protect wheat production. |
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