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作者	单位
韩利明，杨芳萍，夏先春，阎俊，张勇，曲延英，王忠伟，何中虎	（1.新疆农业大学农学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心，北京 100081；3.甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所，甘肃兰州 730070； 4. 中国农业科学院棉花研究所，河南安阳 455000； 5. CIMMYT中国办事处，北京 100081）

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中文摘要:

利用分子标记对来自21个国家的745份小麦品种的株高（ Rht B1b和 Rht D1b）、粒重相关基因（ TaCwi A1a和 Hap 6A A）和 Lr34/Yr18/Pm38基因进行检测。结果表明：（1）在745份品种中，42.1%和28.7%的材料分别携带 Rht B1b和 Rht D1b等位变异，分布频率在不同国家差异很大。一般来说，来自同一个国家的材料主要携带矮秆基因 Rht B1b或 Rht D1b之一，只有意大利和澳大利亚这两种矮秆基因的频率均较高，而高纬度地区如加拿大和俄罗斯等对株高要求不严，矮秆基因分布频率很低；（2）78.4%的材料携带 TaCwi A1a等位变异，除日本（50.0%）、德国（45.3%）和智利（48.8%）外，其他国家材料中 TaCwi A1a分布频率均很高。29.3%的材料在 TaGW2 6A位点携带 Hap 6A A等位变异，主要分布在春性和弱冬性小麦品种中，而冬性和强冬性品种中 Hap 6A G分布较为广泛；（3）22.1%的材料携带 Lr34/Yr18/Pm38，美国（18.5%）、乌克兰（28.6%）、俄罗斯（26.1%）、伊朗(20.0%)、土耳其（34.8%）、匈牙利（50.0%）、保加利亚（38.9%）、罗马尼亚（87.0%）、日本（80.0%）、加拿大（34.6%）和澳大利亚（44.6%）分布频率较高；（4）TaCwi A1的分子标记CWI21和CWI22能很好区分等位变异 TaCwi A1a和 TaCwi A1b，TaGW2 6A的CAPS标记能很好区分 Hap 6A A和Hap 6A G，准确性高、重复性好，可作为千粒重选择的有效标记。

英文摘要:

Using the molecular markers for dwarfing genes（ Rht B1band Rht D1b）and kernel weight related genes ( TaCwi A1aand Hap 6A A) and Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, the distributions of these genes were detected among 745 cultivars from 21 major wheat growing countries. The results indicated that: (1) The frequencies of Rht B1band Rht D1bin 745 cultivar were 42.1% and 28.7%, respectively, varying much in different wheat growing countries. Generally, cultivars from the same country usually carried only one of Rht B1band Rht D1b, frequencies only from Italy and Australia were higher for both Rht B1band Rht D1b, which in high latitude areas such as Canada and Russia were lower due to less requirement for plant height. (2) TaCwi A1aallele was widely distributed in 21 countries with a total frequency of 78.4%, and cultivars from different countries possessed all higher frequency of TaCwi A1aexcept for Japan (50.0%), Germany (45.3%) and Chile (48.8%). The 29.3% of cultivars carried Hap 6A Aallele at TaGW2 6A locus, mainly distributing in spring and weak winter wheat, whereas Hap 6A G was mainly present in winter and strong winter cultivars. (3) The 22.1% of cultivars had Lr34/Yr18/Pm38allele, with higher frequency in USA (18.5%), Ukraine (28.6%), Russia (26.1%), Iran (20.0%), Turkey (34.8%), Hungary( 50.0%), Bulgaria (38.9%), Romania (87.0%), Japan (80.0%), Canada (34.6%) and Australia (44.6%). (4)The molecular markers CWI 21 and CWI 22 forTaCwi A1 can well differentiate TaCwi A1aand TaCwi A1b alleles, while the CAPS marker of TaGW2 6A can also be used for kernel weight selection due to its ability of discriminating Hap 6A Aand Hap 6A G with great accuracy and repeatability. The information is very crucial for use of exotic germplasm in Chinese wheat breeding program.

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