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作者	单位
陈锋，左爱辉，崔党群	（河南农业大学农学院/河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良国家重点实验室培育基地，河南郑州 450002）

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中文摘要:

小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase，PPO）活性是引起面制食品褐变的主要原因。目前常用测试小麦籽粒PPO活性的方法为邻苯二酚法和L DOPA法等。基因型和环境均对小麦籽粒PPO活性产生显著影响，但基因型是最为主要的决定因素。影响小麦籽粒PPO活性的基因主要位于2AL染色体上的Ppo A1位点和2DL染色体上的Ppo D1位点。目前，在Ppo A1位点已发现7种等位变异类型，在Ppo D1位点已发现4种等位变异类型，其中Ppo A1b和Ppo D1a类型表现出低PPO活性，而Ppo A1a和Ppo D1b类型则表现出高PPO活性。依据其序列特征，已经有PPO16、PPO18、PPO29和PPO33等多个籽粒PPO活性基因的功能性分子标记被开发，从而为以颜色为目标的小麦品质改良提供了有力的技术支撑。本文综述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的检测方法及其遗传特征，并重点阐述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的基因克隆、等位变异类型及其功能性分子标记研发情况，旨在为我国小麦品质改良及小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶活性的遗传研究提供一定的理论依据和有用信息。

英文摘要:

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is one of the most important factors causing undesirable brown discoloration of end use products of wheat. At present, the methods of Catechol and L DOBA were very prevalent for detecting PPO activity in wheat. PPO activity could be influenced significantly by genotype and environment while genotype was the most important factor for determining PPO activity in wheat. The genes controlling kernel PPO activity were located on the long arm of chromosomes 2A and 2D and named as loci of Ppo A1 and Ppo D1, respectively. Up to now, seven and four PPO alleles were identified on the loci of Ppo A1 and Ppo D1 in wheat and its relatives, respectively. The Ppo A1b and Ppo D1a alleles were associated with the low PPO activity in wheat grain and the Ppo A1a and Ppo D1b alleles were associated with the high PPO activity. Based on the nucleotide sequences of different PPO alleles, several functional molecular markers containing PPO16, PPO18, PPO29 and PPO33 were developed in bread wheat, which provided important selecting tools for improvement of wheat quality. In this paper, the detection method and genetic traits of PPO activity in wheat were summarized and the advances on the genes cloned, alleles identified and molecular marker developed for PPO activity were emphasized, which may provide useful information for wheat quality improvement and genetic study of PPO activity.

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