| Utilizing chromosome engineering technique, and according to the breeding objectives of high yield, high quality and high resistance, our research team has released 13 new wheat cultivars which planted widely recently in the West Southern region of China. All of these cultivars and 4 new wheat lines were studied by means of A PAGE, improved Geimsa C banding and Genome in Situ Hybridization(GISH). The results showed that among the 17 Chuan nong (CN) wheat cultivars and lines, 7 new cultivars (lines) carried 1RS·1BL translocation chromosom, in which the 1RS·1BL chromosomes of CN10, CN11, and CN20 inherited from the parent Aurora, while that of CN12, CN17, CN18 and R291 from different parents. The wheat cultivars CN12, CN17 and CN18 exhibited better resistance to the powdery mildew and stripe rust than the cultivars carried the genes Yr9 and Pm8．In addition, the quality and agronomic characters of all CN wheat cultivars and lines used in this study were detected. The relationship among the quality, agronomic characters and the structures of chromosome in these cultivars shows that the resistance to disease still is the most important selection pressures in wheat breeding programs, and it is the most important factors to determine the chromosome structures of the cultivars. The present study indicated, for further application of 1RS·1BL translocation in wheat breeding, it is essential to widen its genetic variation, specially the genetic diversity in the 1RS arm of this translocation for disease resistance, agronomic character and quality. Since there exists a wide genetic diversity in rye germplasm worldwide, it may be important to use this variation in future breeding program by developing new 1RS·1BL translocations with different genetic background. |
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