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作者	单位
陈锋，尚晓丽，董中东，崔党群	(河南农业大学农学院/河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良国家重点实验培育基地，河南郑州 450002)

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中文摘要:

小麦籽粒硬度是市场分级和定价的重要依据，由位于5D染色体短臂的一对主效基因和多个微效基因控制。为了解我国早期小麦品种的硬度分布规律，本试验以来自全国10个省市的126份历史品种和高代品系为材料，对其SKCS硬度和基因型进行了研究。结果表明，我国历史品种中软质麦所占比例较高，为42.9%，显著高于先前报道的我国当前主栽冬麦品种中的软质麦比例；硬质麦所占比例为44.4%，显著低于先前报道的我国主栽冬麦品种中的硬质麦比例。各种puroindoline变异类型中， Pina D1b类型和 Pinb D1b类型所占比例较大，分别为42.9%和39.3%，其余硬质类型均为 Pinb D1p类型，为17.8%。截至目前，所发现的 Pinb D1p类型均在中国品种中，由于早期中国与其他国家种质资源交换较少，因此，中国可能是 Pinb D1p类型的起源地。在对各种puroindoline类型的硬度比较后，发现除各种puroindoline变异类型与野生型硬度差异达显著水平外， Pina D1b类型硬度值也显著高于 Pinb D1b和 Pinb D1p类型，而后二者之间硬度没有显著差异。`

英文摘要:

Kernel hardness is an important wheat quality trait and determines the end use and marketing classification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Evaluation of the allelic variation of grain hardness is beneficial to wheat quality improvement. A total of 126 Chinese historical wheat cultivars and advanced lines, developed from ten provinces or municipalities, were used to measure hardness distribution by Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS), and to detect puroindoline alleles by PCR amplification and sequencing PCR production. Results indicated that soft wheat with 42.9% was significant higher percentage in comparison with Chinese popular winter wheat reported previously, while hard wheat with 44.4% were obviously lower percentage in comparison with Chinese popular winter wheat reported previously. There were three mutational puroindoline alleles of Pina D1b, Pinb D1b and Pinb D1p identified in Chinese historical wheat cultivars and advanced lines and Pina D1b was the most prevalent one with percentage of 42.9%. Percentages of Pinb D1b and Pinb D1p in surveyed hard wheats were 39.3% and 17.8%, respectively. Up to now, Pinb D1p allele, characterized as a Pinb frame shift mutation, was only found in Chinese wheats cultivars and it is possible that China was origin of Pinb D1p for less exchange of germplasm between early China and other country. In addition, kernel hardness of mutational puroindoline alleles was significantly higher than that of wild type. Within three puroindoline mutations, significant difference of SKCS hardness was also observed, and grain hardness in genotype with Pina D1b allele was significantly higher than genotypes with Pinb D1b and Pinb D1p alleles, while these two alleles were not significant difference in SKCS hardness index. The information in the study could be useful for improving Chinese current bread wheat quality by taking advantage of historical cultivars.

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