欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

为探讨播期对冬小麦茎蘖幼穗分化及产量的影响，以冬小麦品种“京冬8”为试材，观察了不同播期下冬小麦的茎蘖幼穗分化过程。结果表明，随着播期的推迟和蘖位的增高，进入穗分化各时期的日期推迟，穗分化总历时缩短。随着播期的推迟，雌雄蕊分化期之前主茎幼穗各分化时期的持续时间缩短，至雌雄蕊分化期后各分化日期及历时达到一致。随着播期的推迟以及蘖位的增高，各分蘖的穗分化日期推迟。随着播期的推迟，同位蘖穗分化前期持续时间缩短，穗分化中后期以中播处理分化持续时间最短。晚播处理的Ⅱ、Ⅲ位蘖和中播处理的Ⅲ位蘖分化至小花分化期基本死亡。不同蘖位间，早播处理随蘖位增高穗分化前期持续时间缩短，后期高位蘖持续时间延长；中晚播处理，随着蘖位的增高各穗分化期持续时间延长。随播期的推迟，单茎分化小穗数和结实小穗数显著减少，有效穗数显著减少，产量显著降低。因此，本区域小麦适宜播期为9月底至10月初。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of sowing date on the caulis and tillers differentiation of young spike and yield in winter wheat, winter wheat variety “Jingdong 8” was selected as material, the differentiation processes of caulis and tillers of young spike were observed. The results showed that with delaying sowing date and elevating tiller position, the date of entering each stage of young spike differentiation was delayed, and the whole differentiation time of young spike was shortened. The differentiation time of young spike was shortened before pistil & stamen differentiation stage by delaying sowing date, the time and date of young spike differentiation was the same after pistil & stamen differentiation stage in three sowing date treatments. The young spike differentiation date of tillers was postponed with delayed sowing date and elevated tiller position. With delaying sowing date, in the same position of tillers, the young spike differentiation time was shortened before glume differentiation stage, and the shortest differentiation time of young spike appeared in the treatment of middle sowing date after glume differentiation stage. The second and third tillers of last sowing date and third tillers of middle sowing date appeared death phenomenon when the young spike differentiation stage reached to the floret differentiation stage. Compared the differentiation process of young spike between tillers position, with elevating tiller position, in the treatment of early sowing date, the differentiation time of young spike was shortened before floret differentiation stage, and the differentiation time of young spike was elongated after floret differentiation stage, in treatments of middle and last sowing date, the differentiation time of each young spike was elongated with elevating tiller position. With delaying sowing date, the number of developed small spike and born small spike and number of head were reduced significantly, and yield was reduced significantly. The sowing date should be between last of September and early of October.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭