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为通过根系调控提高小麦产量和改善品质，以弱春性优质强筋小麦品种郑麦9023为材料，研究了生育后期主茎次生根和分蘖次生根对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明，小麦分蘖次生根根系活力与根中全氮含量显著高于主茎次生根，而根中可溶性糖含量则低于主茎次生根。随着生育进程的推进，分蘖次生根与主茎次生根间的差异逐渐减小。分蘖次生根对单株成穗数、千粒重及单株产量的贡献大于主茎次生根，而对穗粒数的贡献则显著小于主茎次生根。与对照（维持完整根系）相比，只留主茎次生根处理和只留分蘖次生根处理的籽粒直链淀粉含量与直/支比例显著提高，而蛋白质含量显著下降。因此，生产实践中可以通过调节分蘖次生根与主茎次生根的比例及生理特性来提高籽粒产量和改善品质。

英文摘要:

To make clear the physiological characteristics of culm nodal roots and tiller nodal roots at late growing period and their contributions to grain yield and quality, Zhengmai 9023, a weak springness and strong gluten wheat cultivar, was used as materials. The results showed that root vigor and total nitrogen content of tiller nodal roots were significantly higher than those of culm nodal roots, while soluble sugar content of tiller nodal roots was lower than that of culm nodal roots. With the advance of growth and development, the above mentioned differences between culm nodal roots and tiller nodal roots narrowed gradually. Contributions of tiller nodal roots to ears per plant, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant were greater than those of culm nodal roots, while contributions of tiller nodal roots to kernels per spike were less than those of culm nodal roots. Compared with those in control group (keeping intact roots), grain amylose content and amylose/amylopectin of culm nodal roots and tiller nodal roots increased significantly, while grain protein content decreased significantly. The research indicated that proportion and physiological characteristics of culm nodal roots and tiller nodal roots could be adjusted to increase grain yield and improve grain quality in production practice.

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