| 张营武,熊淑萍,马新明,杜少勇,蔺世召.不同氮源配施对豫北高产小麦花后氮代谢及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):64 |
| 不同氮源配施对豫北高产小麦花后氮代谢及土壤硝态氮的影响 |
| Effects of Different Sources of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Metabolism after Anthesis and Soil Nitrate Accumulation of High yielding Wheat in North Henan |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2011.02.011 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 有机氮 无机氮 氮代谢 产量 土壤硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Organic nitrogen Inorganic nitrogen Nitrogen metabolism Grain yield Soil nitrate nitrogen |
| 基金项目:国家“863”计划(2008AA10Z220)；农业部行业专项(200803028)；河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010 01 04)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索不同氮源配施对小麦花后氮代谢及土壤硝态氮积累的影响，在大田条件下，以矮抗58为材料，研究了5个肥料处理（100%无机氮、25%有机氮＋75%无机氮、50%有机氮＋50%无机氮、75%有机氮＋25%无机氮、100%有机氮）对小麦旗叶和籽粒中GS活性、游离氨基酸含量、氮素利用效率、产量、籽粒蛋白质积累量及0~100 cm土壤各层硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明，与纯施无机氮和纯施有机氮相比，三种配施处理均能显著提高小麦叶片和籽粒的GS活性及游离氨基酸含量，显著提高籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质积累量和氮素利用效率，其中以50%有机氮＋50%无机氮处理的籽粒产量（11 124.08 kg·hm-2）、蛋白质积累量（1 231.70 kg·hm-2）和氮素利用效率（46.381 g·g-1）最高。随着有机氮施入比例的提高，收获期各土层中硝态氮的含量逐渐下降。与纯施无机氮相比，不同氮源配施在获得较高产量的同时减少了硝态氮对地下水的污染。综合分析认为，5个肥料处理以有机、无机等氮量配施效果最佳，是豫北的环保型施肥方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study was concerned about the effects of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen metabolism of wheat after anthesis and soil nitrate accumulation. To study the different effects of five treatments (100% inorganic nitrogen, 25% organic nitrogen + 75% inorganic nitrogen, 50% organic nitrogen + 50% inorganic nitrogen, 75% organic nitrogen + 25% inorganic nitrogen and 100% organic nitrogen individually) on GS activity, free amino acid content in the flag leaf and kernel, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, protein accumulation of grain , and NO3 N content in different soil layers from 0 to 100cm were investigated with aikang 58 as tested material under field conditions. The results showed that compared with 100% inorganic nitrogen and 100% organic nitrogen treatment, the three mixed fertilizer treatments were able to promote GS activity, increase free amino acid content in leaves and kernels, and improve grain yield, protein accumulation of grain and nitrogen use efficiency. Among which the treatment of 50% inorganic nitrogen + 50% organic nitrogen reached the highest grain yield（11 124.08 kg/ha）, protein accumulation of grain（1 231.70 kg/ha） and nitrogen use efficiency（46.381 g/g）. Besides, the NO3 N content in each soil layers was decreased as a result of the increasing organic nitrogen. Meanwhile, the three mixed fertilizer treatments reduced the NO3 N pollution. It concluded that the 50% inorganic nitrogen + 50% organic nitrogen treatment worked best among the five treatments, which was an environment friendly way of fertilizing in the North of Henan. |
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