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作者	单位
姚金保，杨学明，马鸿翔，张平平，姚国才，张鹏，任丽娟	（江苏省农业科学院农业生物技术研究所，江苏南京 210014）

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中文摘要:

为了研究拔节期追施氮肥对小麦产量和品质的影响，以中筋小麦品种宁麦16为试验材料，通过在拔节期追施不同量的氮肥，研究追施氮肥对其籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明，拔节期追施氮肥对宁麦16有极显著的增产作用，追施氮肥处理的平均单产比对照增产29.4%，其中以施纯氮225 kg·hm^-2处理的增产效果最为显著，较对照增产2 281.0 kg·hm^-2，增幅达40.56%，但施氮量继续增加，籽粒产量则有所下降。拔节期追施氮肥对产量构成因素的影响主要表现在提高成穗数和穗粒数上，平均比对照分别提高14.0%和19.0%。拔节期追施氮肥能显著提高宁麦16籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和延伸性。综合产量和品质分析结果，在本试验条件下，拔节期追施225 kg·hm^-2氮素可实现宁麦16高产与优质的协调。

英文摘要:

In this study, field experiments were conducted during 2008-2009 growing season to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application to wheat variety "Ningmai 16" at the jointing stage on grain yield and quality. Nitrogen fertilizer was used at nine different rates of 0, 37.5, 75.0, 112.5, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5 and 300.0 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The result showed that nitrogen fertilizer application at the jointing stage had a significant and positive effect on yield，and the average yield increased by 29.4% over the control. Nitrogen fertilizer with a rate of 225 kg·hm^-2 resulted in the most significant yield improvement, with a net yield increase by 2281.0 kg·hm^-2. However, if the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was continued to increase, the grain yield would be declined. Nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in 14% and 19% increase in number of spikes and kernels per spike over the control. Protein content, wet gluten content, dough stability time and extensibility were also increased with nitrogen application increasing. In conclusion, Nitrogen fertilizer application of 225 kg·hm^-2 at jointing stage would be sufficient to obtain optimum grain yield and better quality for Ningmai 16.

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