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作者	单位
石玉^1,2，于振文¹	(1. 山东农业大学农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室，山东泰安 271018； 2. 山东省泰安市农业局，山东泰安 271000）

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中文摘要:

为给小麦高产、优质、高效栽培提供合理的氮肥运筹技术和理论依据，以强筋小麦品种济麦20为材料，应用¹⁵N示踪技术研究了高产麦田中施氮量和氮肥底施与拔节期追施的比例对小麦籽粒产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，不同施氮处理之间植株氮素积累量无显著差异，小麦植株对追肥氮的利用率显著高于对底肥氮的利用率，适当增加追施氮肥的比例可提高氮肥利用率，其中以N2处理（施氮量为168 kg·hm^-2，底追比例为1∶2）最高。适量施氮并增加追施氮肥的比例可显著提高籽粒产量、蛋白质含量，改善籽粒加工品质，N2、N5(施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2，底追比例为1∶2)和N6(施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2，全部追施）处理效果均较好。在本试验条件下，施氮量为168 kg·hm^-2及底追比例为1∶2的处理是兼顾产量、品质、效益和生态的合理氮肥运筹方式。

英文摘要:

A ¹⁵N labelled experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen rate and ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing on grain yield, quality, fertilizer N use efficiency(FNUE) of strong gluten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under high yield condition. The study used ¹⁵N isotope tracer in PVC cylinders (2.05 m length, Ф0.2 m, without bottom)with seven treatments, without applying N fertilizer (N0); N application rate of 168 kg/hm² (0.527 g/pot), ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1∶1 (N1), 1∶2 (N2) and 0∶1(N3); N application rate of 240 kg/hm² (0.753 g/pot), ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1∶1(N4), 1∶2(N5) and 0∶1(N6). The results showed that the amount of N accumulation in plant have no significant difference between treatments with applying nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE) of topdressing was markedly higher than that of basal nitrogen; reducing basal nitrogen amount and increasing topdressing nitrogen amount could appropriately enhance FNUE, of which treatment N2 was the highest. Appropriate N fertilizer rate with reducing basal nitrogen amount and increasing topdressing nitrogen amount such as in N2, N5 and N6 increased grain yield, protein content and improved grain processing quality. In conclusion, under the condition of this experiment, as grain yield, quality and fertilizer N use efficiency were concerned, the most appropriate nitrogen fertilizer applying regime recommended is treatment N2 with nitrogen fertilizer rate of 168 kg/hm² and ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1∶2.

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