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作者	单位
王德梅，于振文，张永丽，王东	山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 山东泰安 271018

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中文摘要:

为给黄淮海地区小麦节水栽培提供理论依据，选用3个小麦品种（泰山23、潍麦8号和山农12）为材料，研究了不同灌水处理下小麦干物质积累转运和产量及水分利用效率的差异。结果表明，不灌水条件下，泰山23开花前营养器官贮藏同化物对籽粒的贡献率高于开花后同化物，潍麦8号和山农12的籽粒产量主要来源于花后同化物。随灌水量的增加，泰山23和山农12花前营养器官贮藏同化物的转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献率均降低，花后同化物输入籽粒量及其对籽粒的贡献率增加，潍麦8号则反之。不灌水条件下，泰山23和潍麦8号的旗叶初始荧光强度(Fo)和实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)高于山农12，表明缺水对泰山23、潍麦8号光系统PSⅡ的影响小于山农12。随灌水量的增加，泰山23的旗叶光合速率、Fo、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo的变化幅度较小，表明泰山23的旗叶光合性能较其他品种稳定。同一灌水条件下，籽粒产量和灌水利用效率为泰山23>潍麦8号>山农12，收获指数为山农12>泰山23>潍麦8号。综合考虑产量、水分利用效率和灌水利用效率，泰山23最优，潍麦8号次之，山农12最低；底墒水+拔节水是小麦获得高产和高水分利用效率的的最佳灌水模式。

英文摘要:

In order to offer theoretical basis of water saving cultivation technique for wheat in Huang huaihai region, dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency of three wheat cultivars were studied in three irrigation treatments through field research. The results showed that under the condition of no irrigation (W0), contribution of assimilates transportation amount to kernel was higher than that of assimilates accumulation amount after anthesis in Taishan 23(T23), but it was contrary in Weimai 8(W8) and Shannong 12(S12). With the increasing of irrigation amount, assimilates transportation amount after anthesis, assimilates transportation ratio and contribution to kernel in T23 and S12 decreased, while those in W8 increased. However, an opposite change occurred in assimilates accumulation amount after anthesis and its contribution to kernel. In treatment W0, initial fluorescence (Fo) and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSⅡ) (ΦPSⅡ) of flag leaf in T23 and W8 were higher than those in S12, indicating that the influence of water shortage on PSⅡ photochemical reaction in T23 and W8 was less significant than that in S12. Increasing the irrigation amount, the changing extent of photosynthetic rate, Fo, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo in T23 was significantly lower than that in W8 and S12, which indicated that T23 had more stable photosynthetic properties of flag leaf. Under the same condition of irrigation, grain yield and irrigation water use efficiency of W8 were less than those of T23, but more than those of S12, while harvest index of T23 was less than that of S12, but more than that of W8. Based on comprehensive consideration of yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, T23 was the best one, W8 took the second place, and S12 was the worst, and the optimal irrigation regimes are suggested as irrigation at pre sowing and jointing.

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