欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
郝代成1，高国华2，朱云集1，郭天财1，叶优良1，王晨阳1，谢迎新1	1. 河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心，河南郑州 450002； 2. 河南省叶县农业技术推广中心，河南叶县467200

摘要点击次数: 2011

全文下载次数: 2563

中文摘要:

为给冬小麦超高产栽培中氮肥合理运筹提供参考依据，于2007-2008年在河南温县、兰考两试验点，以两个具有超高产潜力的冬小麦品种豫麦49和兰考矮早八为供试材料，在全生育期施氮0、90、180、270 和360 kg N ·hm-2（底施和拔节期追施各半）的条件下，研究了施氮量对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，两试验点施氮量180和270 kg·hm-2处理的籽粒产量均达到了每公顷9 000 kg以上的水平，高于其他施氮处理，与不施氮和90 kg N ·hm-2处理间差异均达显著水平。进一步分析发现，与其他处理相比，180和270 kg·hm-2处理提高了两个小麦品种开花后旗叶光合速率和SPAD值，进而增加了花后干物质积累量。两试验点的施氮处理对大穗型品种兰考矮早八成穗数影响不显著，而施氮量180和270 kg·hm-2处理显著提高了多穗型品种豫麦49的成穗数；两品种穗粒数和粒重均表现为不施氮和90 kg N ·hm-2处理显著低于适宜施氮量（180和270 kg N ·hm-2）处理。两品种在两试验点获得最高产量的施氮量不同，豫麦49和兰考矮早八分别在270和180 kg·hm-2获得最高产量。由此可见，在本试验条件下，两个品种在施氮量180~270 kg·hm-2、基施和拔节期比例5∶5条件下，在稳定足够穗数的基础上，增加穗粒数，促进花后物质积累量，提高粒重，可实现超高产。

英文摘要:

Photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation (DMA) are important traits that influence biological yield and ultimate grain yield in wheat. These traits are quantitatively inherited and are greatly influenced by environment, and about more than 60% of assimilates in grain are derived from post anthesis assimilates. Nitrogen fertilizer could effectively regulate the accumulation of carbohydrate in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.). Effects of nitrogen (N) application rate on photosynthetic characteristics, DMA after anthesis and grain yield of winter wheat were studied in the field experiment with two type cultivars (Yumai 49 and Lankao Aizao 8) and five N rates (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg N·hm-2) at two sites(Wen county and Lankao county) of Henan province, China in 2007-2008 growing seasons. N was applied according to 5∶5 ratio as basal feitilizer at seeding time and top dressing at jointing stage. Results indicated that the proper N rates(180~270 kg N·hm-2) could improve leaf's SPAD value and photosynthetic rate after anthesis of both wheat cultivars at two sites, and final grain yield was above 9 000 kg per hactare. In addition, there were differences of the yield components in different N application rates. Comparing with no N treament, N application markedly increased spike numbers with highest values of Yumai 49 with 270 kg N·hm-2 and Lankao Aizao 8 with 180 kg N·hm-2 at two sites. Differences between N application rates of achieving the highest grain yield in both wheat cultuvars also indicated differences of N use efficiency between two genotype cultivars. On the whole, the proper N application with 180~270 kg N·hm-2 according to the 5∶5 ratio at seeding time and jointing stage played an important role in increasing dry matter production after anthesis, spike grain numbers and grain weight, and finally achieved the super high yield of winter wheat at two sites.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭