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作者	单位
王自布，银永安，曹连莆，王泽民，侯睿睿，李卫华，齐军仓	石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003

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中文摘要:

为给新疆小麦品质育种提供理论依据，在新疆灌溉农业条件下，选用淀粉含量差异较大的普通小麦品种新春24、E28（高淀粉含量组）和宁春16、安农9912（低淀粉含量组）为材料，测定了籽粒灌浆过程中总淀粉及淀粉组分的含量，同时测定了籽粒束缚态淀粉合成酶（granule bound starch synthase，GBSS）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（soluble starch synthase，SSS）、淀粉分支酶（starch branching enzyme，SBE）和淀粉去分支酶（starch debranching enzyme，DBE）等相关酶的活性，并对其在籽粒灌浆过程中的变化及淀粉积累特征进行了相关分析。结果表明，高淀粉含量和低淀粉含量的小麦品种在籽粒淀粉积累量和积累速率上均存在明显的基因型差异。Logistic 方程拟合淀粉积累过程发现,支、直链淀粉最终积累量取决于积累启动时间的早晚和积累速率的大小,而最大积累速率出现时间的早晚对其调节作用较小。不同类型籽粒中的GBSS、SSS、SBE和DBE酶活性变化均呈现单峰曲线，峰值出现在花后12~24 d不等。4个品种的GBSS酶活性均与直链淀粉的积累速率呈极显著正相关，与总淀粉的积累速率达到显著或极显著正相关，但与支链淀粉积累速率的相关不显著。SBE和SSS酶活性与总淀粉的积累速率和支链淀粉的积累速率呈显著或极显著正相关，而与直链淀粉积累速率的相关不显著。DBE活性与淀粉积累速率的相关性不显著。淀粉合成关键酶活性间的相关性分析表明，高淀粉含量的品种DBE活性与SSS、GBSS和SBE相关达到显著或极显著水平，它们之间可能存在着协同作用。

英文摘要:

In order to provide reference to genetic improvement of wheat quality, the activity changes of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis and the characteristics of starch accumulation in grains were investigated, and the relationship between them were analysed in four wheat cultivars as two groups, including Ningchun 16 and Annong 9912 (lower starch content in grain) and E28 and Xinchun 24 ( higher starch content in grain). Correlation analysis indicated that there were obvious difference between lower starch content and higher starch content genotypes in starch about starch accumulating rate and kernel filling rate. The accumulation courses of amylopectin, amylose and total starch were well fitted to the logistic equation by relating amylopectin, amylose and total starch contents against days after pollination (DAP). The simulation parameters revealed that the higher contents of amylopectin and amylose resulted from earlier initiating accumulation time and greater accumulation rate. The activities of soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch debranching enzyme (DBE) changed in the pattern of a single peak curve during grain filling, peak value was between 12 d and 24 d; The accumulation rate of amylose was highly significantly correlated with the activities of GBSS, and the accumulation rate of amylopectin was significantly or sharp significantly correlated with the activities of SSS and SBE; and the accumulation rate of starch was not correlated with the activities of starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Correlation analysis among activities of the starch synthesis enzymes indicated that starch debranching enzyme (DBE) of higher starch content genotype was significantly or sharp significantly correlated with the activity of SSS、SBE and GBSS, which were interacted in starch biosynthesis.

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