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为给高产条件下小麦生产提供合理的节水灌溉方案，以山农15和烟农21为材料，设置3个水分(0~140 cm土层平均相对含水量)处理［W0：拔节(60%)+开花(55%)；W1：拔节(75%)+开花(65%)；W2：拔节(75%)+开花(75%)］，研究了不同小麦品种耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的差异及对水分供应的响应。结果表明，两品种在W1处理下灌溉水利用效率最高；W2处理获得最高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率；在W1和W2条件下，山农15籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著高于烟农21。山农15各水分处理的总耗水量显著高于烟农21。在W0和W1条件下，山农15播前土壤贮水利用量和比例显著高于烟农21，而生育期降水利用比例低，灌溉水利用量无显著差异；在W2条件下，山农15播前土壤贮水利用量高于烟农21，生育期降水利用比例无显著差异，灌溉水利用量和比例高。在W0和W1条件下，山农15对20~60、60~100、140~200 cm土层的播前土壤贮水利用量均高于烟农21，说明山农15利用中下层播前土壤贮水的能力高。在本试验条件下，山农15为高产和高水分利用效率品种，两个品种均以W2为兼顾高产和高水分利用效率的最佳水分处理。

英文摘要:

To determine the reasonable and effective water saving irrigation scheme in wheat production, water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied with two commercial wheat cultivars Shannong 15 and Yannong 21. The results showed that the amplitude of the relative error between the designed water content and the actual relative water content was 0.11%~4.71% in all treatments, which indicated that irrigation amount according to irrigation quota calculation formula could reach the designed water content. The treatment W1, which the relative water content at jointing stage and anthesis stage were 75% and 65%, respectively, had the highest irrigation efficiency for two wheat cultivars. The treatment W2, which the relative water content at jointing stage and anthesis stage were both 75%, obtained the highest grain yield and WUE. The grain yield and WUE of Shannong 15 was significantly higher than those of Yannong 21 under conditions of the treatment W1 and W2. The water consumption amount and soil water consumption amount of Shannong 15 were significantly higher than those of Yannong 21 in all treatments. The ratio of soil water consumption amount to water consumption amount of Shannong 15 was significantly higher than that of Yannong 21, but its ratio of precipitation to water consumption amount was significantly lower than that of Yannong 21, and the two wheat cultivars had no significant difference on the ratio of irrigation amount to water consumption amount under the conditions of treatment W0 and W1. There was no difference between Shannong 15 and Yannong 21 on the ratio of soil water consumption amount to water consumption amount and the ratio of precipitation to water consumption amount under the condition of treatment W2, but the ratio of irrigation amount to water consumption amount of Shannong 15 was significantly lower than that of Yannong 21. The soil water consumption amount in 20~60 and 60~100 and 140~200 cm soil layers of Shannong 15 was significantly higher than that of Yannong 21 under the conditions of treatment W0 and W1, which indicated that Shangnong 15 had higher ability of using soil water in deeper soil layers than Yannong 21. As far as grain yield and water use efficiency were concerned in the experiment, Shannong 15 was a high grain yield and high WUE wheat cultivar, and the most appropriate treatment for two wheat cultivars was the treatment W2 which the relative water content at jointing stage and anthesis stage were both 75%.

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